CaMoRe

Causal Models and Representations

Causal inference, causal discovery, and causally-informed decision making — with a focus on applications in ecology and environmental science.

Projects
Resources

About

CaMoRe studies how causal reasoning can be brought into modern machine learning pipelines and how it can support domain experts in analyzing scientific data and designing experiments. The group works on causal discovery and its evaluation, causal abstraction, root cause analysis, and causally-informed reinforcement learning. We like to collaborate closely with domain scientists to support their research methodologically.
The CaMoRe group, August 2026

Members

Felix Jahn

Felix Jahn

PhD Student

Pascal Schumann ♞

Pascal Schumann

PhD Student

Jonas Wahl

Jonas Wahl

Senior Researcher
Group Leader Causal Models and Representations (CaMoRe)
Professor II for Causal Analysis and Artificial Intelligence (University of Bergen)

Publications

2026

3 papers

How PC-based Methods Err: Towards Better Reporting of Assumption Violations and Small Sample Errors

2026 — Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence

@inproceedings{faltenbacherHowPCBasedMethodsErr2026,
 author = {Faltenbacher, Sofia and Wahl, Jonas and Herman, Rebecca Jean and Runge, Jakob},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence},
 editor = {Perković, Emilija and Malinsky, Daniel},
 month = {Aug},
 pages = {1498--1519},
 pdf = {https://raw.githubusercontent.com/mlresearch/v337/main/assets/faltenbacher26a/faltenbacher26a.pdf},
 publisher = {PMLR},
 series = {Proceedings of Machine Learning Research},
 title = {How PC-based Methods Err: Towards Better Reporting of Assumption Violations and Small Sample Errors},
 url = {https://proceedings.mlr.press/v337/faltenbacher26a.html},
 volume = {337},
 year = {2026}
}
URL

Chaotic and complex dynamics expose the limits of counterfactual reasoning

2026 — Scientific Reports (Sci Rep)

@article{aalailaChaoticAndComplexDynamics2026,
 author = {Yahya Aalaila and Gerrit Großmann and Sumantrak Mukherjee and Jonas Wahl and Sebastian Vollmer},
 doi = {10.1038/s41598-026-52349-2},
 journal = {Scientific Reports (Sci Rep)},
 month = {6},
 number = {1},
 pages = {1-14},
 publisher = {Springer Nature},
 title = {Chaotic and complex dynamics expose the limits of counterfactual reasoning},
 url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-026-52349-2},
 volume = {16},
 year = {2026}
}
DOI URL

Causal inference on process graphs: Causal structure and effect identification

2026 — Bernoulli

PDF
@article{reiterCausalInferenceOnProcess2026,
 author = {Nicolas-Domenic Reiter and Jonas Wahl and Andreas Gerhardus and Jakob Runge},
 doi = {10.3150/25-BEJ1909},
 journal = {Bernoulli},
 month = {5},
 number = {2},
 pages = {1356-1382},
 publisher = {Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability},
 title = {Causal inference on process graphs: Causal structure and effect identification},
 url = {https://www.dfki.de/fileadmin/user_upload/import/16775_casual_inference_on_process_graphs.pdf},
 volume = {32},
 year = {2026}
}
DOI

2025

5 papers

Sortability of Time Series Data

2025 — Transactions on Machine Learning Research (TMLR)

PDF
@article{lohseSortabilityOfTimeSeries2025,
 author = {Christopher Lohse and Jonas Wahl},
 editor = {Adam Arany},
 journal = {Transactions on Machine Learning Research (TMLR)},
 month = {7},
 pages = {---},
 publisher = {-},
 title = {Sortability of Time Series Data},
 url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=OGvmCpcHdV},
 volume = {-},
 year = {2025}
}
URL

Structural Causal Bottleneck Models

2025 — UAI 2025 Workshop on Causal Abstractions and Representations. Causal Abstractions and Representations (CAR), located at UAI 2025, July 25, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

@inproceedings{bingStructuralCausalBottleneckModels2025,
 author = {Simon Bing and Jonas Wahl and Jakob Runge},
 booktitle = {UAI 2025 Workshop on Causal Abstractions and Representations. Causal Abstractions and Representations (CAR), located at UAI 2025, July 25, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil},
 month = {6},
 publisher = {OpenReview},
 title = {Structural Causal Bottleneck Models},
 url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=EFNvKMSITB},
 year = {2025}
}
URL

Separation-Based Distance Measures for Causal Graphs

2025 — Proceedings of The 28th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS-2025), May 3-5, Mai Khao, Thailand

PDF
@inproceedings{wahlSeparationBasedDistanceMeasuresFor2025,
 author = {Jonas Wahl and Jakob Runge},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of The 28th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics. International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS-2025), May 3-5, Mai Khao, Thailand},
 pages = {3412-3420},
 publisher = {Proceedings of Machine Learning Research},
 title = {Separation-Based Distance Measures for Causal Graphs},
 url = {https://proceedings.mlr.press/v258/wahl25b.html},
 volume = {258},
 year = {2025}
}
URL

The Landscape of Causal Discovery Data: Grounding Causal Discovery in Real-World Applications

2025 — Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning. Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning (CLeaR-2025)

PDF
@inproceedings{brouillardTheLandscapeOfCausal2025,
 author = {Philippe Brouillard and Chandler Squires and Jonas Wahl and Konrad Körding and Karen Sachs and Alexandre Drouin and Dhanya Sridhar},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning. Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning (CLeaR-2025)},
 organization = {PMLR},
 pages = {834-873},
 publisher = {MLResearchPress},
 title = {The Landscape of Causal Discovery Data: Grounding Causal Discovery in Real-World Applications},
 url = {https://proceedings.mlr.press/v275/brouillard25a},
 volume = {275},
 year = {2025}
}
URL

Unitless Unrestricted Markov-Consistent SCM Generation: Better Benchmark Datasets for Causal Discovery

2025 — Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning. Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning (CLeaR-2025)

PDF
@inproceedings{hermanUnitlessUnrestrictedMarkovConsistentSCM2025,
 author = {Rebecca J Herman and Jonas Wahl and Urmi Ninad and Jakob Runge},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning. Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning (CLeaR-2025)},
 pages = {1506-1531},
 publisher = {MLResearchPress},
 title = {Unitless Unrestricted Markov-Consistent SCM Generation: Better Benchmark Datasets for Causal Discovery},
 url = {https://proceedings.mlr.press/v275/herman25a.html},
 volume = {275},
 year = {2025}
}
URL

2024

4 papers

Counterfactual Explanations for MITL Violations

2024 — 44th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2024). IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS-2024), December 16-18

@inproceedings{finkbeinerCounterfactualExplanationsForMITL2024,
 author = {Bernd Finkbeiner and Felix Jahn and Julian Siber},
 booktitle = {44th IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS 2024). IARCS Annual Conference on Foundations of Software Technology and Theoretical Computer Science (FSTTCS-2024), December 16-18},
 doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.FSTTCS.2024.22},
 editor = {Siddharth Barman and Slawomir Lasota},
 isbn = {978-3-95977-355-3},
 month = {12},
 pages = {22:1-22:25},
 publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, Dagstuhl, Germany},
 series = {Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics, LIPIcs},
 title = {Counterfactual Explanations for MITL Violations},
 volume = {323},
 year = {2024}
}
DOI

Acting for the Right Reasons: Creating Reason-Sensitive Artificial Moral Agents

2024 — ArXiv e-prints (arxiv)

@article{baumActingForTheRight2024,
 author = {Kevin Baum and Lisa Dargasz and Felix Jahn and Timo P. Gros and Verena Wolf},
 doi = {arXiv:2409.15014},
 journal = {ArXiv e-prints (arxiv)},
 month = {9},
 pages = {1-10},
 publisher = {arXiv},
 title = {Acting for the Right Reasons: Creating Reason-Sensitive Artificial Moral Agents},
 volume = {1},
 year = {2024}
}
DOI

Identifying Linearly-Mixed Causal Representations from Multi-Node Interventions

2024 — Proceedings of the Third Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning. Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning (CLeaR-2024)

@inproceedings{bingIdentifyingLinearlyMixedCausalRepresentations2024,
 author = {Simon Bing and Urmi Ninad and Jonas Wahl and Jakob Runge},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the Third Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning. Conference on Causal Learning and Reasoning (CLeaR-2024)},
 editor = {Francesco Locatello and Vanessa Didelez},
 month = {4},
 pages = {843-867},
 publisher = {PMLR},
 series = {Proceedings of Machine Learning Research},
 title = {Identifying Linearly-Mixed Causal Representations from Multi-Node Interventions},
 url = {https://proceedings.mlr.press/v236/bing24a.html},
 volume = {236},
 year = {2024}
}
URL

Causal Inference for Spatial Data Analytics (Dagstuhl Seminar 24202)

2024 — Dagstuhl Reports

@article{tomkoCausalInferenceForSpatial2024,
 author = {Martin Tomko and Yanan Xin and Jonas Wahl},
 doi = {10.4230/DagRep.14.5.25},
 editor = {Martin Tomko and Yanan Xin and Jonas Wahl},
 journal = {Dagstuhl Reports},
 number = {5},
 pages = {25-57},
 publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, Dagstuhl, Germany},
 title = {Causal Inference for Spatial Data Analytics (Dagstuhl Seminar 24202)},
 url = {https://drops.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/DagRep.14.5.25},
 volume = {14},
 year = {2024}
}
DOI URL

2023

3 papers

Vector Causal Inference between Two Groups of Variables

2023 — Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)

@article{wahlVectorCausalInferenceBetween2023,
 author = {Jonas Wahl and Urmi Ninad and Jakob Runge},
 doi = {10.1609/aaai.v37i10.26450},
 journal = {Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)},
 month = {6},
 number = {10},
 pages = {12305-12312},
 publisher = {AAAI Press},
 title = {Vector Causal Inference between Two Groups of Variables},
 url = {https://ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/26450},
 volume = {37},
 year = {2023}
}
DOI URL

A Computational Cantor-Bernstein and Myhill's Isomorphism Theorem in Constructive Type Theory

2023 — CPP ‘23: 12th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Certified Programs and Proofs. ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Certified Programs and Proofs (CPP-2023), January 16-17, Boston,, MA, USA

@inproceedings{forsterAComputationalCantorBernsteinAnd2023,
 author = {Yannick Forster and Felix Jahn and Gert Smolka},
 booktitle = {CPP '23: 12th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Certified Programs and Proofs. ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Certified Programs and Proofs (CPP-2023), January 16-17, Boston,, MA, USA},
 doi = {10.1145/3573105.3575690},
 isbn = {979-8-4007-0026-2},
 month = {1},
 pages = {159-166},
 publisher = {ACM},
 title = {A Computational Cantor-Bernstein and Myhill's Isomorphism Theorem in Constructive Type Theory},
 url = {https://inria.hal.science/hal-03891390},
 year = {2023}
}
DOI URL

Constructive and Synthetic Reducibility Degrees: Post's Problem for Many-one and Truth-table Reducibility in Coq

2023 — CSL 2023 - 31st EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic. EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL), Warsaw, Poland

@inproceedings{forsterConstructiveAndSyntheticReducibility2023,
 author = {Yannick Forster and Felix Jahn},
 booktitle = {CSL 2023 - 31st EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic. EACSL Annual Conference on Computer Science Logic (CSL), Warsaw, Poland},
 doi = {10.4230/LIPIcs.CSL.2023.16},
 pages = {1-21},
 publisher = {Schloss Dagstuhl Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik, Dagstuhl Publishing},
 title = {Constructive and Synthetic Reducibility Degrees: Post's Problem for Many-one and Truth-table Reducibility in Coq},
 url = {https://inria.hal.science/hal-03901942},
 year = {2023}
}
DOI URL

2022

3 papers

Where are all the guns? Modeling firearm ownership in the United States

2022 — Patterns

@article{wahlWhereAreAllThe2022,
 author = {Jonas Wahl},
 doi = {10.1016/j.patter.2022.100571},
 journal = {Patterns},
 month = {8},
 number = {8},
 pages = {1-2},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 title = {Where are all the guns? Modeling firearm ownership in the United States},
 url = {https://www.cell.com/patterns/fulltext/S2666-3899(22)00182-9},
 volume = {3},
 year = {2022}
}
DOI URL

Traces on diagram algebras I: Free partition quantum groups, random lattice paths and random walks on trees

2022 — Journal of the London Mathematical Society

@article{wahlTracesOnDiagramAlgebras2022,
 author = {Jonas Wahl},
 doi = {10.1112/jlms.12562},
 journal = {Journal of the London Mathematical Society},
 month = {3},
 number = {4},
 pages = {2324-2372},
 publisher = {John Wiley & Sons, Ltd},
 title = {Traces on diagram algebras I: Free partition quantum groups, random lattice paths and random walks on trees},
 url = {https://londmathsoc.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1112/jlms.12562},
 volume = {105},
 year = {2022}
}
DOI URL

Conditional Independence Testing with Heteroskedastic Data and Applications to Causal Discovery

2022 — Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 35. Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS-2022), 36th Conference, November 28 - December 9

PDF
@inproceedings{guntherConditionalIndependenceTestingWith2022,
 author = {Wiebke Günther and Urmi Ninad and Jonas Wahl and Jakob Runge},
 booktitle = {Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 35. Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS-2022), 36th Conference, November 28 - December 9},
 editor = {S. Koyejo and S. Mohamed and A. Agarwal and D. Belgrave and K. Cho and A. Oh},
 isbn = {9781713871088},
 pages = {16191-16202},
 publisher = {Curran Associates, Inc.},
 title = {Conditional Independence Testing with Heteroskedastic Data and Applications to Causal Discovery},
 url = {https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2022/file/6739d8df16b5bce3587ca5f18662a6aa-Paper-Conference.pdf},
 year = {2022}
}

2018

1 paper

Nonsingular Bernoulli actions & quantum symmetries

2018 — ARENBERG DOCTORAL SCHOOL Faculty of Science

@phdthesis{wahlNonsingularBernoulliActionsQuantum2018,
 author = {Jonas Wahl},
 month = {6},
 school = {ARENBERG DOCTORAL SCHOOL Faculty of Science},
 title = {Nonsingular Bernoulli actions & quantum symmetries},
 type = {PhD-Thesis},
 url = {https://www.dfki.de/fileadmin/user_upload/import/17047_thesis_(1).pdf},
 year = {2018}
}

2015

1 paper

A note on reduced and von Neumann algebraic free wreath products

2015 — Illinois Journal of Mathematics (IJM)

@article{wahlANoteOnReduced2015,
\wr_{\ast} S_N^+$, where $\mathbb{G}$ is a compact matrix quantum group. Based on recent results on their corepresentation theory by Lemeux and Tarrago in [Lemeux and Tarrago (2014)], we prove that $\mathbb{G} \wr_{\ast} S_N^+$ is of Kac type whenever $\mathbb{G}$ is, and that the reduced version of $\mathbb{G} \wr_{\ast} S_N^+$ is simple with unique trace state whenever $N \geq 8$. Moreover, we prove that the reduced von Neumann algebra of $\mathbb{G} \wr_{\ast} S_N^+$ does not have property $\Gamma$.},
 author = {Jonas Wahl},
 doi = {10.1215/ijm/1475266409},
 journal = {Illinois Journal of Mathematics (IJM)},
 number = {3},
 pages = {801-817},
 publisher = {Duke University Press (im Auftrag der University of Illinois)},
 title = {A note on reduced and von Neumann algebraic free wreath products},
 url = {https://projecteuclid.org/journals/illinois-journal-of-mathematics/volume-59/issue-3/A-note-on-reduced-and-von-Neumann-algebraic-free-wreath/10.1215/ijm/1475266409.full},
 volume = {59},
 year = {2015}
}
DOI URL