Michael Backenköhler

Michael Backenköhler

Former Member

Postdoc

Modeling and Simulation Group, Saarland University

Universität des Saarlandes

Campus E1 1, Room 1.18

66123 Saarbrücken

Germany

About Me

I am currently a postdoc at the chair of modeling and simulation. Mainly I work on novel techniques for the analysis of stochastic reaction networks with a particular focus on models exhibiting multimodal behaviour. I am also interested in epidemiological modeling. Currently, my work concentrates on data-driven drug discovery.

Publications

  • M. Backenköhler: Analysis of Markovian Population Models. Dissertation (online). 2022.

  • M. Backenköhler, L. Bortolussi, V. Wolf: Variance Reduction in Stochastic Reaction Networks using Control Variates. 2021. (pre-print)

  • G. Großmann, J. Zimmerlin, M. Backenköhler, V. Wolf: GINA: Neural Relational Inference From Independent Snapshots. 2021. (pre-print)

  • M. Backenköhler, L. Bortolussi, G. Großmann, V. Wolf: Abstraction-Guided Truncations for Stationary Distributions of Markov Population Models. 18th International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of SysTems (QEST), Springer LNCS, 2021. (pre-print)

  • G. Großmann, M. Backenköhler, V. Wolf: Heterogeneity matters: Contact structure and individual variation shape epidemic dynamics. PLOS ONE, 2021. (online)

  • M. Backenköhler, L. Bortolussi, G. Großmann, V. Wolf: Analysis of Markov Jump Processes under Terminal Constraints. Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS), Springer LNCS, 2021. (pre-print)

  • G. Großmann, M. Backenköhler, V. Wolf: Epidemic Overdispersion Strengthens the Effectiveness of Mobility Restrictions. (HSCC 21), 2021. (pre-print)

  • G. Großmann, M. Backenköhler, J. Klesen, V. Wolf: Learning Vaccine Allocation from Simulations. 9th International Conference on Complex Networks and their Applications, 2020. (pre-print)

  • G. Großmann, M. Backenköhler, V. Wolf: Importance of Interaction Structure and Stochasticity for Epidemic Spreading: A COVID-19 Case Study. 17th International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of SysTems (QEST), Springer LNCS, 2020. (pre-print)

  • M. Backenköhler, L. Bortolussi, V. Wolf: Bounding Mean First Passage Times in Population Continuous-Time Markov Chains. 17th International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of SysTems (QEST), Springer LNCS, 2020. (pre-print)

  • G. Großmann, M. Backenköhler: Poster Abstract: Birth-Death Processes Reproduce the Infection Footprint of Complex Networks, 7th International Workshop on Hybrid Systems Biology (HSB), Springer LNCS, 2020. (pre-print)

  • M. Backenköhler, L. Bortolussi, V. Wolf: Control Variates for Stochastic Simulation of Chemical Reaction Networks. 17th International Conference on Computational Methods in Systems Biology (CMSB), Springer LNCS 11773 pp. 42-59, 2019. (pre-print)

  • M. Backenköhler, F. Scherzinger, A. Singla, V. Wolf: Data-Driven Approach Towards a Personalized Curriculum. Proc. of the 11th International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM), 2018. (download)

  • M. Backenköhler, L. Bortolussi, V. Wolf: Moment-Based Parameter Estimation for Stochastic Reaction Networks in Equilibrium. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (TCBB) 15(4) pp. 1180-1192, 2018.

  • M. Backenköhler, V. Wolf: Student performance prediction and optimal course selection: An MDP approach. 6th International Symposium “From Data to Models and Back (DataMod)” (SEFM), Springer LNCS, 2017.

  • M. Backenköhler, L. Bortolussi, V. Wolf: Generalized Method of Moments for Stochastic Reaction Networks in Equilibrium. 14th International Conference on Computational Methods in Systems Biology (CMSB), Springer LNCS pp. 15-29, 2016. Best Student Paper!

Other Work

  • I have reviewed for CAV 2017, CMSB 2017, MMB 2018, CONCUR 2018, CMSB 2018, ACM SIGSIM PADS 2019, EDM 2019, QEST 2019, CMSB 2019, ACM SIGSIM PADS 2020, QEST 2020, HSCC 2021, ADHS 2021, ACM SIGSIM PADS 2021, TACAS 2022, QEST 2022, HSCC 2022 and journals ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation, Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, Bioinformatics, Mathematical Biosciences, Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications.

Publications (21)

2026

2 papers

Assay-Based Machine Learning: Rethinking Evaluation in Drug Discovery

2026 — Digital Discovery

@article{grossAssayBasedMachineLearningRethinking2026,
 author = {Groß, Joschka and Backenköhler, Michael and Volkamer, Andrea},
 doi = {10.1039/D6DD00472E},
 eprint = {https://pubs.rsc.org/dd/article-pdf/doi/10.1039/D6DD00472E/15052126/d6dd00472e.pdf},
 issn = {2635-098X},
 journal = {Digital Discovery},
 month = {11},
 title = {Assay-Based Machine Learning: Rethinking Evaluation in Drug Discovery},
 url = {https://doi.org/10.1039/D6DD00472E},
 year = {2026}
}
DOI URL

Evaluation beyond goodness of fit: Quantifying biophysical alignment of AI models for kinase-centric drug discovery

2026 — Artificial Intelligence in the Life Sciences (AILSCI)

@article{grossEvaluationBeyondGoodnessOf2026,
 author = {Joschka Groß and Michael Backenköhler and Paula Linh Kramer and Raquel López-Ríos De Castro and Guillermo Pérez-Hernández and Verena Wolf and Andrea Volkamer},
 doi = {10.1016/j.ailsci.2026.100169},
 journal = {Artificial Intelligence in the Life Sciences (AILSCI)},
 month = {6},
 number = {article 100169},
 pages = {1-17},
 publisher = {Elsevier},
 title = {Evaluation beyond goodness of fit: Quantifying biophysical alignment of AI models for kinase-centric drug discovery},
 url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667318526000176?via%3Dihub},
 volume = {9},
 year = {2026}
}
DOI URL

2025

1 paper

The Journey of Data: Lessons Learned in Modeling Kinase Affinity, Selectivity, and Resistance [Article v1. 0]

2025 — Living Journal of Computational Molecular Science (LiveCoMS)

PDF
@article{castroTheJourneyOfData2025,
 author = {Raquel López-Ríos de Castro and Jaime Rodríguez-Guerra and David Schaller and Talia K Kimber and Corey Taylor and Jessica B White and Michael Backenköhler and Joschka Groß and Alexander M Payne and Benjamin Kaminow and Ivan Pulido and Sukrit Singh and Paula Linh Kramer and Guilermo Pérez-Hernández and Andrea Volkamer and John D Chodera},
 doi = {10.33011/livecoms.6.1.3875},
 editor = {David L. Mobley and Michael R. Shirts and Daniel M. Zuckerman},
 journal = {Living Journal of Computational Molecular Science (LiveCoMS)},
 month = {11},
 number = {1},
 pages = {3875-3875},
 publisher = {University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA},
 title = {The Journey of Data: Lessons Learned in Modeling Kinase Affinity, Selectivity, and Resistance [Article v1. 0]},
 url = {https://www.dfki.de/fileadmin/user_upload/import/16917_The_Journey_of_Data_Lessons_Learned_in_Modeling_Ki.pdf},
 volume = {6},
 year = {2025}
}
DOI

2024

2 papers

Guided docking as a data generation approach facilitates structure-based machine learning on kinases

2024 — Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling (JCIM)

PDF
@article{backenkohlerGuidedDockingAsA2024,
 author = {Michael Backenköhler and Joschka Groß and Verena Wolf and Andrea Volkamer},
 doi = {10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00055},
 journal = {Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling (JCIM)},
 month = {5},
 number = {10},
 pages = {4009-4020},
 publisher = {ACS Publications, Washington DC},
 title = {Guided docking as a data generation approach facilitates structure-based machine learning on kinases},
 url = {https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00055},
 volume = {64},
 year = {2024}
}
DOI URL

Structural activity prediction models recover known binding modes (Poster abstract)

2024 — ICML'24 Workshop ML for Life and Material Science: From Theory to Industry Applications. International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-2024)

@inproceedings{backenkohlerStructuralActivityPredictionModels2024,
 author = {Michael Backenköhler and Joschka Groß and Paula Linh Kramer and Verena Wolf and Andrea Volkamer},
 booktitle = {ICML'24 Workshop ML for Life and Material Science: From Theory to Industry Applications. International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML-2024)},
 publisher = {Openreview},
 title = {Structural activity prediction models recover known binding modes (Poster abstract)},
 url = {https://openreview.net/forum?id=9O27GTKm1B},
 year = {2024}
}
URL

2023

2 papers

TeachOpenCADD goes Deep Learning: Open-source Teaching Platform Exploring Molecular DL Applications

2023 — ChemRxiv

PDF
@article{backenkohlerTeachOpenCADDGoesDeepLearning2023,
 author = {Michael Backenköhler and Paula Linh Kramer and Joschka Groß and Gerrit Großmann and Roman Joeres and Azat Tagirdzhanov and Dominique Sydow and Hamza Ibrahim and Floriane Odje and Verena Wolf and Andrea Volkamer},
 doi = {10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-kz1pb},
 journal = {ChemRxiv},
 month = {5},
 pages = {---},
 publisher = {ChemRxiv.org},
 title = {TeachOpenCADD goes Deep Learning: Open-source Teaching Platform Exploring Molecular DL Applications},
 url = {https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-kz1pb},
 volume = {ChemRxiv Online},
 year = {2023}
}
DOI URL

Unsupervised relational inference using masked reconstruction

2023 — Applied Network Science

PDF
@article{grossmannUnsupervisedRelationalInferenceUsing2023,
 author = {Gerrit Großmann and Julian Zimmerlin and Michael Backenköhler and Verena Wolf},
 doi = {10.1007/s41109-023-00542-x},
 journal = {Applied Network Science},
 month = {4},
 number = {18},
 pages = {1-21},
 publisher = {Springer},
 title = {Unsupervised relational inference using masked reconstruction},
 url = {https://appliednetsci.springeropen.com/articles/10.1007/s41109-023-00542-x},
 volume = {8},
 year = {2023}
}
DOI URL

2021

4 papers

Heterogeneity matters: Contact structure and individual variation shape epidemic dynamics

2021 — PLOS One

@article{grossmannHeterogeneityMattersContactStructure2021,
 author = {Gerrit Großmann and Michael Backenköhler and Verena Wolf},
 doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0250050},
 editor = {Vygintas Gontis},
 journal = {PLOS One},
 month = {7},
 number = {7},
 pages = {1-19},
 publisher = {Public Library of Science},
 title = {Heterogeneity matters: Contact structure and individual variation shape epidemic dynamics},
 volume = {16},
 year = {2021}
}
DOI

Epidemic overdispersion strengthens the effectiveness of mobility restrictions

2021 — HSCC ‘21: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control. ACM International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control (HSCC-2021), May 19-21, Nashville,, Tennesse, USA

@inproceedings{grossmannEpidemicOverdispersionStrengthensThe2021,
 author = {Gerrit Großmann and Michael Backenköhler and Verena Wolf},
 booktitle = {HSCC '21: Proceedings of the 24th International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control. ACM International Conference on Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control (HSCC-2021), May 19-21, Nashville,, Tennesse, USA},
 doi = {10.1145/3447928.3457209},
 isbn = {978-1-4503-8339-4},
 month = {5},
 pages = {1-3},
 publisher = {ACM, New York, NY},
 title = {Epidemic overdispersion strengthens the effectiveness of mobility restrictions},
 year = {2021}
}
DOI

Analysis of Markov jump processes under terminal constraints

2021 — Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems. International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS-2021), 27th International Conference, TACAS 2021, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021, March 27 - April 1, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg

@inproceedings{backenkohlerAnalysisOfMarkovJump2021,
 author = {Michael Backenköhler and Luca Bortolussi and Gerrit Großmann and Verena Wolf},
 booktitle = {Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems. International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS-2021), 27th International Conference, TACAS 2021, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021, March 27 - April 1, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg},
 doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-72016-2_12},
 edition = {1st},
 editor = {Jan Friso Groote and Kim Guldstrand Larsen and },
 isbn = {978-3-030-72016-2},
 month = {3},
 pages = {210-229},
 publisher = {Springer, Switzerland},
 title = {Analysis of Markov jump processes under terminal constraints},
 volume = {12651},
 year = {2021}
}
DOI

Abstraction-Guided Truncations for Stationary Distributions of Markov Population Models

2021 — Quantitative Evaluation of Systems

@inproceedings{backenkohlerAbstractionGuidedTruncationsForStationary2021,
 address = {Cham},
 author = {Backenköhler, Michael and Bortolussi, Luca and Großmann, Gerrit and Wolf, Verena},
 booktitle = {Quantitative Evaluation of Systems},
 editor = {Abate, Alessandro and Marin, Andrea},
 isbn = {978-3-030-85172-9},
 pages = {351--371},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
 title = {Abstraction-Guided Truncations for Stationary Distributions of Markov Population Models},
 year = {2021}
}

2020

4 papers

Learning Vaccine Allocation from Simulations

2020 — Complex Networks & Their Applications IX. International Conference on Complex Networks and their Applications (COMPLEX NETWORKS-2020), Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Complex Networks and Their Applications, December 1-3, Madrid, Spain

@inproceedings{grossmannLearningVaccineAllocationFrom2020,
 author = {Gerrit Großmann and Michael Backenköhler and Jonas Klesen and Verena Wolf},
 booktitle = {Complex Networks & Their Applications IX. International Conference on Complex Networks and their Applications (COMPLEX NETWORKS-2020), Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Complex Networks and Their Applications, December 1-3, Madrid, Spain},
 doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-65347-7_36},
 editor = {Rosa M. Benito and Chantal Cherifi and Hocine Cherifi and Esteban Moro and Luis Aurelio Rocha and Marta Sales-Pardo},
 isbn = {9783030653477},
 month = {12},
 pages = {432-443},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing, Switzerland},
 title = {Learning Vaccine Allocation from Simulations},
 volume = {1},
 year = {2020}
}
DOI

Importance of Interaction Structure and Stochasticity for Epidemic Spreading: A COVID-19 Case Study

2020 — Quantitative Evaluation of Systems. International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST-2020), 17th International Conference, QEST 2020, October 31 - September 1, Vienna, Austria

@inproceedings{grossmannImportanceOfInteractionStructure2020,
 author = {Gerrit Großmann and Michael Backenköhler and Verena Wolf},
 booktitle = {Quantitative Evaluation of Systems. International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST-2020), 17th International Conference, QEST 2020, October 31 - September 1, Vienna, Austria},
 doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-59854-9_16},
 edition = {1st},
 editor = {Marco Gribaudo and David N. Jansen and Anne Remke},
 isbn = {9783030598549},
 month = {9},
 pages = {211-229},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing, Switzerland},
 title = {Importance of Interaction Structure and Stochasticity for Epidemic Spreading: A COVID-19 Case Study},
 volume = {12289},
 year = {2020}
}
DOI

Bounding Mean First Passage Times in Population Continuous-Time Markov Chains

2020 — Quantitative Evaluation of Systems. International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST), Cham

@inproceedings{backenkohlerBoundingMeanFirstPassage2020,
 author = {Michael Backenköhler and Luca Bortolussi and Verena Wolf},
 booktitle = {Quantitative Evaluation of Systems. International Conference on Quantitative Evaluation of Systems (QEST), Cham},
 doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-59854-9_13},
 editor = {Marco Gribaudo and David N. Jansen and Anne Remke},
 isbn = {9783030598549},
 pages = {155-174},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
 title = {Bounding Mean First Passage Times in Population Continuous-Time Markov Chains},
 url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-59854-9_13},
 year = {2020}
}
DOI URL

Poster Abstract: Birth-Death Processes Reproduce the Infection Footprint of Complex Networks

2020

@article{backenkohlerPosterAbstractBirthDeathProcesses2020,
 author = {Backenköhler, Michael and Grossmann, Gerrit},
 month = {01},
 pages = {},
 title = {Poster Abstract: Birth-Death Processes Reproduce the Infection Footprint of Complex Networks},
 year = {2020}
}

2019

2 papers

Bounding First Passage Times in Chemical Reaction Networks

2019 — Computational Methods in Systems Biology - 17th International Conference - Proceedings. International Conference on Computational Methods in Systems Biology (CMSB-2019), September 18-20, Trieste, Italy

@inproceedings{backenkohlerBoundingFirstPassageTimes2019,
 author = {Michael Backenköhler and Luca Bortolussi and Verena Wolf},
 booktitle = {Computational Methods in Systems Biology - 17th International Conference - Proceedings. International Conference on Computational Methods in Systems Biology (CMSB-2019), September 18-20, Trieste, Italy},
 doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-31304-3_31},
 editor = {Luca Bortolussi and Guido Sanguinetti},
 isbn = {9783030313043},
 pages = {379-382},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
 series = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science, LNBI},
 title = {Bounding First Passage Times in Chemical Reaction Networks},
 url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-31304-3_31},
 volume = {11773},
 year = {2019}
}
DOI URL

Control Variates for Stochastic Simulation of Chemical Reaction Networks

2019 — Computational Methods in Systems Biology

@inproceedings{backenkohlerControlVariatesForStochastic2019,
 address = {Cham},
 author = {Backenköhler, Michael and Bortolussi, Luca and Wolf, Verena},
 booktitle = {Computational Methods in Systems Biology},
 editor = {Bortolussi, Luca and Sanguinetti, Guido},
 isbn = {978-3-030-31304-3},
 pages = {42--59},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
 title = {Control Variates for Stochastic Simulation of Chemical Reaction Networks},
 year = {2019}
}

2018

2 papers

Data-Driven Approach Towards a Personalized Curriculum

2018 — Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Educational Data Mining. International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM-2018), July 15-18, Buffalo,, NY, USA

PDF
@inproceedings{backenkohlerDataDrivenApproachTowardsA2018,
 author = {Michael Backenköhler and Felix Scherzinger and Adish Singla and Verena Wolf},
 booktitle = {Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Educational Data Mining. International Conference on Educational Data Mining (EDM-2018), July 15-18, Buffalo,, NY, USA},
 editor = {Kristy Elizabeth Boyer and Michael Yudelson},
 pages = {246-246},
 publisher = {International Educational Data Mining Society},
 title = {Data-Driven Approach Towards a Personalized Curriculum},
 url = {https://www.dfki.de/fileadmin/user_upload/import/16875_Data-Driven_Approach_Towards_a_Personalized_Curriculum.pdf},
 year = {2018}
}

Student Performance Prediction and Optimal Course Selection: An MDP Approach

2018 — Software Engineering and Formal Methods. International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods (SEFM), Cham

@inproceedings{backenkohlerStudentPerformancePredictionAnd2018,
 author = {Michael Backenköhler and Verena Wolf},
 booktitle = {Software Engineering and Formal Methods. International Conference on Software Engineering and Formal Methods (SEFM), Cham},
 doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-74781-1_3},
 editor = {Antonio Cerone and Marco Roveri},
 isbn = {9783319747811},
 pages = {40-47},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
 title = {Student Performance Prediction and Optimal Course Selection: An MDP Approach},
 url = {https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-74781-1_3},
 year = {2018}
}
DOI URL

2017

1 paper

Moment-Based Parameter Estimation for Stochastic Reaction Networks in Equilibrium

2017 — IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (TCBB)

@article{backenkohlerMomentBasedParameterEstimationFor2017,
 author = {Michael Backenköhler and Luca Bortolussi and Verena Wolf},
 doi = {10.1109/TCBB.2017.2775219},
 journal = {IEEE/ACM Transactions on Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (TCBB)},
 month = {11},
 number = {4},
 pages = {1180-1192},
 publisher = {IEEE},
 title = {Moment-Based Parameter Estimation for Stochastic Reaction Networks in Equilibrium},
 volume = {15},
 year = {2017}
}
DOI

2016

1 paper

Generalized Method of Moments for Stochastic Reaction Networks in Equilibrium

2016 — Computational Methods in Systems Biology. International Conference on Computational Methods in Systems Biology (CMSB-2016), 14th International Conference, CMSB 2016, September 21-23, Cambridge, United Kingdom

@inproceedings{backenkohlerGeneralizedMethodOfMoments2016,
 author = {Michael Backenköhler and Luca Bortolussi and Verena Wolf},
 booktitle = {Computational Methods in Systems Biology. International Conference on Computational Methods in Systems Biology (CMSB-2016), 14th International Conference, CMSB 2016, September 21-23, Cambridge, United Kingdom},
 doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-45177-0_2},
 editor = {Ezio Bartocci and Pietro Lio and Nicola Paoletti},
 isbn = {9783319451770},
 month = {9},
 pages = {15-29},
 publisher = {Springer International Publishing},
 title = {Generalized Method of Moments for Stochastic Reaction Networks in Equilibrium},
 year = {2016}
}
DOI

Teaching (7)